What is grammar, and how is it internalized in the mind? Is it made up of symbolic code or of neural connections? Is it a sedimented trace left by previous conversations or an innate human capacity? Our answers to these questions obviously shape the way we go about teaching second languages.

When students work on tasks in pairs or small groups, they use language at every step: planning, executing, and presenting. This demonstration shows students planning and describing their own Utopian societies.