[ELTWeekly Volume 7, Issue 11 | May 4, 2015 | ISSN 0975-3036]

Marsh says, “ELT is being buffeted by a set of at least ten forces, sometimes simultaneously and with differing degrees of energy, across all sectors from pre-school to higher education.

These forces include the:

• ELT industries and the political forces alongside which they operate
• ELT testing and accreditation industry and the political forces alongside which it operates
• ELT professional associations, networks and organizations
• Educational technology-driven sector
• Political entities that demand improvement in English language learning outcomes within a given country or region
• Citizens and members of communities that demand access to quality English language learning for their children and young people
• Employers requiring higher levels of English language competence of staff
• Research sectors on language learning from within the neurosciences and other domains
• Higher education, vocational education training and other providers requiring higher levels of English language competence of incoming students
• Educational experts and entities focused on educational transformation across the curriculum, including the teaching and learning of English.

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