{"id":6910,"date":"2020-11-01T12:09:18","date_gmt":"2020-11-01T12:09:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eltweekly.com\/?p=6910"},"modified":"2020-11-01T12:09:18","modified_gmt":"2020-11-01T12:09:18","slug":"what-follows-the-verb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/?p=6910","title":{"rendered":"What follows the verb? by Nick Shepherd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the heart of most sentences, there is a verb (the action), and before the verb, you have the subject (who does the action?). Sentences mostly have subjects (but see below, \u201cmore complicated\u201d stuff), and they nearly always have verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But then what comes after the verb is more variable, and can be many different things. Here are three of them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Object (usually a noun or a noun phrase): <em>Tom broke <strong>his glasses.<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li>To-infinitive: <em>I want <strong>to go<\/strong><\/em>.<\/li><li>Object + to-infinitive: <em>I need <strong>everybody to sit down<\/strong><\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third example, object + to-infinitive, is only used after a few verbs (listed below), but they are common verbs. Here are three very common ones, and there is a curious thing: they\u2019re all related in meaning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>I want you to help me.<\/li><li>I need you to help me.<\/li><li>I\u2019d like you to help me.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And you can\u2019t say:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s>I want that you help me.<\/s>&nbsp; nope<\/li><li><s>I need that you help me.<\/s>&nbsp; nope<\/li><li><s>I\u2019d like that you help me.<\/s>&nbsp; nope<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many languages use something like examples 1 and 2, above; the problem is mostly with example three: object + infinitive. Here\u2019s another example:<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"163\" src=\"\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"158\" src=\"\/\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cShe wants Sammy to go swimming\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"162\" src=\"http:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6912\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I made a short video about this, which you can see here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"Verb (+ object) + infinitive\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sXR-GW3kbbQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The meaning link is this: the verbs are all about getting somebody to do something, by telling them what you want them to do, asking them, advising them, encouraging them . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2 Here are some other verbs which follow the same pattern:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Subject&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Verb&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Object&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To-infinitive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2193&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; \u2193&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2193&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>She &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; asked &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; him &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to wait &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for 10 minutes.<\/li><li>They &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; requested &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the supplier &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to modify &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the order.<\/li><li>The police &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; advised &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; him &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; more careful<\/li><li>His dad&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; encouraged&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; him &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to do &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; more exercise.<\/li><li>The teacher&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; taught&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; her students&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; more curious.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those are the most common verbs that are followed by an object and the to-infinitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notes on the \u201cmore complicated\u201d stuff<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Need<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We described <em>need<\/em> above, but there\u2019s another way we use it, as a modal verb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>You needn\u2019t worry, we have time.<\/li><li>I needn\u2019t have waited because he didn\u2019t come.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both examples are negative; that\u2019s the most common way we use <em>need<\/em> as a modal verb,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cSentences mostly have subjects\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Language is diverse and unpredictable; in fact it\u2019s more biological than logical. You can &#8211; and should &#8211; use language to express logical ideas, but that doesn\u2019t mean that the language itself is logical, which is why <em>mostly<\/em> is a good word to keep in mind. Language grows, and twists about, and changes in the mouths of millions of speakers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Years ago, these speakers were mostly in the English speaking countries, but now English is a lingua franca that is widely used in many countries, which all have their own ways of pronouncing it and modifying it. English is a rich, diverse plant which is finding fertile ground wherever people from different language backgrounds want to talk to each other. And they do want to do exactly that, more and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Almost anything you say about language will be, at best, <em>mostly<\/em> true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Intransitive verbs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A small number of verbs are intransitive, which means they don\u2019t pass any actions or ideas on to someone or something else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>They\u2019re often body movements: <em>standing, sitting, walking, swimming, coming, going<\/em>. .<\/li><li>Or mouth and face movements: <em>coughing, sneezing, crying, smiling, speaking, talking, listening&nbsp; <\/em>. . .<\/li><li>Or about existence: <em>existing, disappearing, staying, happening, occurring, dying<\/em> . . .<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not a complete list, but all these verbs have one thing in common: no person or thing receives the action of the verb. You just do it. It happens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s all for now!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a9 Shepherd School of English<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At the heart of most sentences, there is a verb (the action), and before the verb, you have the subject (who does the action?). Sentences mostly have subjects (but see below, \u201cmore complicated\u201d stuff), and they nearly always have verbs. But then what comes after the verb is more variable, and can be many different [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","omw_enable_modal_window":"enable","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,263,276],"tags":[851,921],"class_list":["post-6910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eltweekly","category-eltweekly-volume-11","category-eltweekly-volume-11-issue-20","tag-elt-newsletter","tag-eltweekly","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6910\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltweekly.humbeestudio.xyz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}